Visual and auditory resources to enhance vocabulary in children with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

Although this study confirms that the use of visual and auditory resources is necessary for successful learning of a new language in inclusive education, their systematic application is flawed due to a lack of curricular priority, limited infrastructure, and insufficient teacher training regarding special educational needs. Therefore, this qualitative and phenomenological study was initiated to examine the perspectives of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers on the importance and effectiveness of using visual and auditory teaching resources, with the specific aim of identifying the benefits and challenges in the process of teaching vocabulary to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The research employed an interview method using an eightquestion open-ended questionnaire administered face-to-face with five EFL teachers with experience in inclusive education in the province of Santa Elena. All data obtained from the interviews were recorded and transcribed in detail for analysis of the teachers’ perceptions and professional experiences. The results highlighted that English teachers overwhelmingly perceive a positive impact, emphasizing that the combination of visual and auditory stimuli significantly improves the word-object connection, thereby eliminating communication gaps. Among the most effective materials used for teaching vocabulary were picture cards (flashcards), real objects (realia), and the PECS system; visual schedules and short songs were also included, with volume adjusted appropriately due to the auditory hypersensitivity of children with ASD. In conclusion, the findings suggest that properly structured instruction using appropriate teaching resources is essential for reducing frustration and anxiety in students’ learning, fostering greater confidence, long-term vocabulary retention, and the integration of language into everyday contexts, while adapting teaching methodologies to local needs and realities.